Impressive+new+Studies

=[|drug rehab centers in illinois] The following are links to very thoroughly researched reviews and studies with a brief summary of some articles of interest.= Many are studies of current and upcoming treatments for mental illnesses and personality disorders, and their effectiveness.

Cochrane Reviews
The Cochrane Collaboration, established in 1993, is an international network of people helping healthcare providers, policy makers, patients, their advocates and carers, make well-informed decisions about human health care by preparing, updating and promoting the accessibility of Cochrane Review. ("About Us" http://www.cochrane.org/about-us) @http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/

Borderline Personality Disorder
@http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005652.html

"__Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder__
People with borderline personality disorder, are often anxious, depressed, self-harm, in crisis and are difficult to engage in treatment. In this review of the talking/behavioural therapies for people with borderline personality disorder, we identified seven studies involving 262 people, over five separate comparisons. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) included treatment components such as prioritising a hierarchy of target behaviours, telephone coaching, groups skills training, behavioural skill training, contingency management, cognitive modification, exposure to emotional cues, reflection, empathy and acceptance. DBT seemed to be helpful on a wide range of outcomes, such as admission to hospital or incarceration in prison, but the small size of included studies limit confidence in their results. A second therapy, psychoanalytic orientated day hospital therapy, also seemed to decrease admission and use of prescribed medication and to increase social improvement and social adjustment. Again, this is an experimental treatment with too few data to really allow anyone to feel too confident of the findings. Even if these are trials undertaken by enthusiasts and difficult to apply to everyday care, they do suggest that the problems of people with borderline personality disorder may be amenable to treatment. More well-designed studies are both justifiable and urgently needed."

Binks C, Fenton M, McCarthy L, Lee T, Adams CE, Duggan C. Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005652. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005652

Antisocial Personality Disorder
@http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab007668.html

Summary of paper taken directly from http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab007668.html

"__Psychological treatments for people with antisocial personality disorder__ Antisocial personality disorder is a condition that leads to persistent rule-breaking, criminality, and drug or alcohol misuse. It causes a great deal of hardship for the person concerned, as well as for the person’s immediate family and society in general. This review systematically examines the evidence for the effectiveness of psychological treatments used to help people with antisocial personality disorder. We considered 11 studies, but were unable to draw any firm conclusions from the evidence available. Although several studies looked at treatments to reduce drug or alcohol misuse in people with antisocial personality disorder, few studies focused on treating the disorder itself. Only three studies reported outcome measures that were originally defined in the review protocol as being of particular importance in this disorder (reconviction and aggression). Nonetheless, there was some evidence that a type of treatment known as contingency management (which provides rewards for progress in treatment) could help people with antisocial personality disorder to reduce their misuse of drugs or alcohol. Further research is urgently needed to clarify which psychological treatments are effective for people with this disorder. This research is best carried out using carefully designed clinical trials. Such trials should focus on the key features of antisocial personality disorder. To be informative, they need to be carried out with samples of participants of sufficient size."

Gibbon S, Duggan C, Stoffers J, Huband N, Völlm BA, Ferriter M, Lieb K. Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD007668. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007668.pub2

Crisis Intervention and Home Care for People with Severe Mental Illness
@http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001087.html

Summary of paper taken directly from http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001087.html

__"Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses__ Over the past three decades mental health care of people in crisis has moved from predominantly hospital-based to being largely community based. We sought evidence for the effectiveness of a specific home-care package for people in crisis; crisis intervention. It was difficult to find trials specifically randomising crisis intervention with hospital care as all crisis interventions were coupled with a broader home-based package. Overall, nearly half of the people in crisis allocated to home care eventually needed to be admitted to hospital. The crisis/home care package, however, may help avoid repeat admissions (although data are not strong and are overly influenced by one very positive study). Crisis/home care does reduce the number of people leaving the study early and the burden on the family. It also seems to be a more satisfactory form of care for both people with severe mental illnesses and their families and may be less expensive than standard care. Several reports specifically mentioned that the burden on the teams was considerable and that the crisis/home care does not clearly affect a person's mental state. Management of a crisis at home is now widely incorporated into other care packages. More data from existing studies may help clarify if this is a prudent use of resources."

Irving CB, Adams CE, Rice K. Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001087. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001087.pub3

Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness
@http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab002085.html

Summary taken directly from http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab002085.html

__"Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness__
First appointments at a mental health clinic can be a daunting prospect. Failure to attend is common, wastes time, and can result in important delays in getting proper care. A gentle prompt, near to the time of appointment, would, if effective, seem a cost effective way of encouraging attendance. This review sought evidence for the effects of telephoning or sending a letter, in the days just before the appointment. Relevant studies were found, and although none were conclusive, all suggested that a simple prompt could indeed encourage attendance"

Reda S, Rowett M, Makhoul S. Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002085. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002085

=McLean Study of Adult Development=

@http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274279

This website offers summaries and direct quotes from the published article as well as a link to the study itself. A very good learning aid for those interested in newer treatments, behavioural treatments and their effectiveness over time, the natural chronicity of personality disorders, and many other traits to do with the study of personality disorders, on a large scale over time.

Abstract taken Directly fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274279

"The McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD) began 12 years ago. It is the first NIMH-funded prospective study of the course and outcome of borderline personality disorder (BPD). After careful analysis of the first six years of follow-up, 5 main findings concerning the symptomatic and psychosocial course of BPD have emerged from this study. The first finding is that remissions are far more common than previously recognized (about 74%). The second is that these remissions are quite stable and thus, recurrences are quite rare (about 6%). The third finding is that completed suicides are far more rare than anticipated (about 4% vs. 10%). The fourth finding is that a "complex" model of borderline psychopathology best describes BPD. In this model, some symptoms resolve relatively quickly, are the best markers for the disorder, and are often the immediate reason for needing costly forms of treatment, such as psychiatric hospitalizations. We termed these symptoms (e.g., self-mutilation, help-seeking suicide threats or attempts) acute symptoms. Other symptoms resolve more slowly, are not specific to BPD, and are closely associated with ongoing psychosocial impairment. We termed such symptoms (e.g., chronic feelings of intense anger, profound abandonment concerns) temperamental symptoms. Fifth, it was also found that borderline patients were improving psychosocially over time, particularly remitted borderline patients; psychosocial functioning of remitted patients continued to improve as time progressed, suggesting that they were somewhat belatedly achieving the milestones of young adulthood and not simply returning to a prodromal level of functioning. Taken together, these results suggest that the prognosis for BPD is better than previously recognized."(The McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD): overview and implications of the first six years of prospective follow-up. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274279)

Some very informative links offered on the previously mentioned website for the McLean Study of Adult Development


 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):557-62; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):563-72; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):586-93; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):533-9; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):524-32; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):581-5; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):573-80; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):547-56; discussion 594-6.
 * J Pers Disord. 2005 Oct;19(5):540-6; discussion 594-6.

===The McLean Hospital, who executed the above study has a website of their own, which has many informative links and articles. The hospital is an affiliate of the Harvard Medical School and does many studies incliding personality and psychosocial studies. Some of the clinical research performed there has been world renowned. They have been recording the effectiveness of various clinical methods and treatments for personality disorders and their effectiveness and reporting the results.===

Website: @http://www.mclean.harvard.edu/research/clinicalunit/psychosocial.php

Personality and Psychosocial Research Program
The following descriptions are taken directly from http://www.mclean.harvard.edu/research/clinicalunit/psychosocial.php

"Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS)
Since 1996, Drs. Gunderson and Zanarini have collected data on 733 treatment-seeking subjects diagnosed with one of four DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs): schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive, and/or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS) is funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and is a naturalistic, prospective, study conducted in conjunction with Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, Yale University and Yale Psychiatric Research, Brown University, and [|Texas A & M]. The study's findings to date document that PDs show consistency as syndromes over time, but rates of improvement that are far greater than previously known. The CLPS project has developed a hybrid model of PDs that consists of more stable personality traits linked to intermittently expressed, symptomatic behaviors. The study's goal for the future is to use our new knowledge to alter the classification system, to explore underlying phenotypes and mechanisms of change, and to develop of new targets for treatment.

A Family Study of Personality Traits and their Relationship to Psychiatric Disorders
Repeated efforts to identify borderline personality disorder (BPD) as a "spectrum" variant of other psychiatric disorders reflect the congruence in these patients of maladaptive traits from four domains which are traditionally separated in psychopathology, i.e., affective, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal traits. Each domain is also considered core for other psychiatric disorders, i.e., mood, psychotic, substance abuse, and other personality disorders respectively. This study, which began on July 1, 2005, will provide the first methodologically rigorous test of whether BPD is familial, as well as whether personality traits from the four domains are familial. The traits selected for study are each thought to be phenotypes, meaning that they are observable subsyndromal traits that may represent vulnerabilities for psychiatric disorders, and for which there is evidence of significant genetic heritability. The department is also presently working on three other studies. The first is entitled "Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Borderline Center in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder." It assesses the effectiveness of the interventions offered through the Borderline Center. This study has demonstrated significant benefits in many areas of outcome by three months. The second study entitled "Manual Assisted Cognitive Treatment for deliberate self-harm in BPD patients: Pre-Post treatment comparisons." This study has shown that a six-session intervention can significantly reduce self-harm. The third study entitled "Patients' reactions to receiving a borderline personality disorder diagnosis" explores whether the usual practice of withholding this diagnosis is justified." (McLean Hospital. (2010) http://www.mclean.harvard.edu/research/clinicalunit/psychosocial.php)[|drug addiction rehab center in az][|drug addiction rehab center in az][|drug addiction rehab center in az][|drug rehab florida][|drug rehab florida][|drug rehab florida][|drug addiction definition][|drug addiction definition][|drug addiction definition]