Schizoid+personality+disorder

== =Schizoid Personality Disorder =

Diagnositic Features An individual with this personality disorder will show a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions which begin in early childhood. These individuals will also lack desire for or enjoyment of close relationships and will choose solitary activities. They do not a have a sexual desire and appear indifferent to praise or criticism. (Durand, Barlow & Stewart, 2008)

Causes The actual cause of developing a schizoid personality disorder is unknown. The research showing that there is a multidimensional factor in the development of the disorder. Genetics and environmental factors are both suspected to be the cause. Some mental health professionals suggest that if warmth and emotion were absent in childhood an individual could develop this disorder. It has also been mentioned if there is a history of schizophrenia in the family individuals and at a higher risk for developing the disorder.(Clevland Clinic, 2010)

Complications An individual with schizoid personality disorder is able to function in the world and their thoughts and behaviors do not cause them distress. The only complication with this disorder is the lack of social interaction. It is difficult for people with this disorder to form any meaningful relationships therefore, they are more likely to abstain from having families of their own. (Clevland Clinic, 2010)

As with all personality disorders, the person must be at least 18 years old before they can be diagnosed with it. Schizoid personality disorder is more prevalent in males than females. Its prevalence in the general population is unknown. Like most personality disorders, schizoid personality disorder typically will decrease in intensity with age, with many people experiencing few of the most extreme symptoms by the time they are in the 40s or 50s. (PsychCentral, 1994)

Treatment
__Psychotherapy__ Treatment most often focuses on increasing coping skills and interpersonal relationship skills. It will usually be short-term in nature to help the individual solve the immediate crisis or problem. Goals of treatment most often are solution-focused using brief therapy approaches. Cognitive-restructuring exercises may be appropriate for certain types of clear, irrational thoughts that are negatively influencing the patient's behaviours. Stability and support are the keys to good treatment with someone who suffers from schizoid personality disorder. (MentalHelp.net October 25, 2005)


 * __DSM-IV-TR__**

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 * 1) A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:
 * 2) neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
 * 3) almost always chooses solitary activities
 * 4) has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person
 * 5) takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
 * 6) lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
 * 7) appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
 * 8) shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
 * 9) Does not occur exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, another Psychotic Disorder, or a Pervasive Developmental Disorder and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition.
 * Note:** If criteria are met prior to the onset of Schizophrenia, add "Premorbid," e.g., "Schizoid Personality Disorder (Premorbid)."

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