Obsessive-Compulsive+Personality+Disorder

 **Obsessive - Compulsive Personality Disorder**

**Causes**

There isn't a clearly identified cause for "obsessive-compulsive personality disorder". One of the things that this has been linked to, at least in the psychoanalytic literature, is the "anal character". Since these people tend to be very controlling, or feel a great need to try to control things, there has been some suggestion that it is linked to co-operating with the mother during potty training. This theory obviously relates back to the "anal character" found in pschoanalysis. Retrieved from: __http://www.videojug.com/interview/obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder.__ July 23, 2010

In another article I found, similar information was provided: that power struggles and lack of praise tend to be contributing factors in the cause of OCPD. The additional information is listed below.

Men appear to be more susceptible to OCPD than women. A possible genetic cause has been suggested, as OCPD often runs in families. Family dynamics and parenting styles may also explain the frequency of the disorder in some families. One theory suggests that as children, people with obsessive compulsive personality disorder were consistently punished for negative behavior, failure, and rule-breaking, while receiving no praise for success and compliance. To avoid punishment, the child develops a habit of rigidly following rules that lasts into adulthood. Retrieved from: __http://www.psychiatric-disorders.com/articles/personality-disorders/obsessive-compulsive.php__. July 23, 2010.

**Diagnosis Criteria and Symptoms**

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:
 * 1) is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost
 * 2) shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met)
 * 3) is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by obvious economic necessity)
 * 4) is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identification)
 * 5) is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value
 * 6) is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things
 * 7) adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes
 * 8) shows rigidity and stubbornness

Retrieved from: Depression Guide, http://www.depression-guide.com/obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder.htm, July 15, 2010

**Treatment**

**Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (for example, Prozac) may help reduce obsessions and compulsions. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may also help. Medications in combination with talk therapy may be more effective than either treatment alone. ** ** Retrieved from: __http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000942.htm__ ** ** __Outlook (prognosis)__. July 23, 2010 **

The outlook for people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tends to be better than that for other personality disorders. This may be because the self-imposed rigidness and control of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may prevent many of the complications such as drug abuse, which are common in the other personality disorders.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">However, the social isolation common with this illness may lead to feelings of depression later in life. Retrieved from: National Institute of Health, __http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000942.htm__ __Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder__, July 15, 2010

<span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; word-spacing: 1px;">**<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Self Help **

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">The medical profession often overlooks self-help methods for the treatment of this disorder because very few professionals are involved in them. Support groups, though, offer an excellent adjunct to continuing medication check-ups once a month, and a way to gain emotional and social support through the community. These groups also allow others to ensure the client is doing well and promotes the client's independence and stability. Many support groups exist within communities throughout the world that are devoted to helping individuals with this disorder share their commons experiences and feelings. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Such support groups are recommended to individuals suffering from this disorder, especially if they have found therapy unhelpful or too expensive.

Retrieved from: MentalHealth.Net, <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;">__http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=480&cn=8__, July 15, 2010

<span style="display: block; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">**Comorbidity**

<span style="display: block; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder should not be confused with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder. The majority of individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder do not have Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder. Anxiety Disorders (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Social Phobia, Specific Phobias), Mood Disorders, and Eating Disorders often co-occur with this disorder.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Retrieved from: __http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis/p20-pe10.html__. July 23, 2010

<span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px; word-spacing: 1px;">**Are** <span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: #707070; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; float: none;">**OCD and obsessive compulsive disorder** **the same? if not, what is the difference(s)?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: #707070; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none;">Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (abbreviated OCD) and <span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: #707070; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none;">Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (abbreviated OCPD) are related but not identical diagnoses. OCD is considered an "Axis I" diagnosis while OCPD is an "Axis II" diagnosis. Axis I disorders are generally ones that come on in early adulthood or later, while Axis II <span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #707070 3px double; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none;">disorders (Personality <span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: #707070; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none;">disorders and Developmental Disorders) are generally present from a fairly early age. OCD is an <span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #707070 3px double; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none;">anxiety disorder characterized by either Obsessions (intrusive, repetitive thoughts that won't leave the mind and that cause great <span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #707070 3px double; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none;">anxiety ) or Compulsions (repetitive behaviors that are designed to reduce <span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: #707070; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none;">anxiety brought on by obsessions). OCPD, on the other hand, is a personality style characterized by a preoccupation with "orderliness, perfectionism and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency" (DSM IV). The two disorders can occur separately, or they can co-occur. People with OCD are not necessarily perfectionists, but they can be. - Mark Dombeck, Ph.D.

Retrieved July 15, 2010, http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=advice&id=204&at=2&cn=6


 * __DSM-IV-TR__**

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following: []
 * 1) is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost
 * 2) shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met)
 * 3) is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by obvious economic necessity)
 * 4) is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identification)
 * 5) is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value
 * 6) is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things
 * 7) adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes
 * 8) shows rigidity and stubbornness

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